1820-1877

=Timeline -Frank= Events: 1. 1820 Missouri Compromise 2. 1845-1848 Mexican War 3. 1850 Compromise of 1850 4. 1852 Uncle Tom's Cabin 5. 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act 6. 1857 Dred Scott Trial 7. 1861-1865 Abraham Lincoln Term 8. 1861-1865 Civil War 9. 1865-1870 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments 10.>1865 Black Codes

Importance: 1. Civil war 2. Abraham Lincoln Term 3.13th, 14th, 15th Amendments 4.Dred Scott Trial 5.Mexican War 6.Black Codes 7.Missouri Compromise 8.Kansas - Nebraska act 9.Compromise of 1850 10.Uncle tom's cabin



__**Missouri Compromise**__ **-Rayne** []
 * March 3rd, 1820
 * Missouri admitted as 24th state
 * Missouri was admitted as slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state
 * Slavery was prohibited in northern states above the 36°30′ latitude and allowed in southern states below
 * Influenced by slavery expansion, tensions between the North and the South, admittance of new states, balance of power, and Henry Clay
 * Important because it managed to reach a compromise on one of many issues dealing with the expansion of slavery
 * Important towards the development of the U.S because it added states and set a boundary for slavery



__**Mexican War**__ **-Rayne**
 * 1845-1848
 * Major conflict between the U.S and Mexico over Mexican territory
 * Treaty of Guadulaupe Hidalgo- obtained New Mexico and California for $15 million
 * Wilmot Proviso suggested an amendment outlawing slavery in any of the new territory
 * Influenced by Manifest Destiny, expansionism, Texas War for Independence, Mexico's vulnerability
 * Important because it was a major war that gained the U.S much land
 * Important towards the development of the U.S because of the new territory gained and the return of the question of slavery expansion



__**The Compromise of 1850**__ **-Matt** []
 * 1850
 * Henry Clay
 * California as a free state
 * Texas would not get disputed lands
 * Trading of slavery outlawed in Washingotn D.C
 * Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, and Arizona would decide by popular vote whether they wanted slavery or not
 * Fugitive Slave Act- required people to return fugitive slaves to the South
 * Influenced by new territory, popular sovereignty, power of the South, expansion of slavery, and Henry Clay
 * Important because it established many things, such as the Fugitive Slave Act, which caused more tension between the North and South
 * Important towards the development of the U.S because it established whether slavery would exist in the new states



__**Uncle Tom's Cabin**__ **-Matt**
 * 1852
 * Harriet Beecher Stowe
 * Exposed the horrors of slavery to the public
 * Created more tension between the North and the South
 * Advocated anti-slavery
 * Influenced by slavery, racism, tensions between the North and South, and the Abolitionist movement
 * Important because it created anti-slavery feelings throughout the country and the rest of the world, also contributed the why the British may have supported the North in the Civl War
 * Important towards the development of the U.S by publicly showing the conditions of slavery



__**Kansas-Nebraska Act**__ **-Aiwei**
 * May 30, 1854
 * repealed Missouri Compromise
 * allowed Kansas and Nebraska to used popular sovereignty to decide on slavery
 * Stephen Douglas
 * caused Bleeding Kansas
 * Influenced by slavery expansion, the South, North vs. Sotuh, Stephen Douglas, and
 * Important because the Republican party formed to stop slavery from spreading
 * Important towards the development of the U.S by repealing Missouri Compromise and leading to Civil War




 * __Dred Scott Trial__ -Aiwei**
 * During the mid 1800's Dred Scott, a slave, traveled with his master for an extended period of time to Illinois and Wisconsin, both free states
 * Slaves can make a claim for freedom while living in a free state or territory, but Scott did not, for unknown reasons
 * Eventually Scott petitioned his freedom from the courts
 * Initially he was set free, but then a higher court reversed the decision, after many appeals his case was brought in front of the supreme court
 * The court ruled that Dred Scott did not even have the right to go to court because he was not a citizen, but he also would have been denied his freedom if he could.
 * This was a crushing blow for abolitionists and free-soilers


 * __Abraham Lincoln's Term as President__ -Frank**
 * March 4th, 1861 - March 3rd 1865
 * Abraham Lincoln won presidency as a republican candidate in a four way race
 * He won without a single southern vote
 * Lincoln's primary goal as president was to preserve the union
 * The south was enraged that he won without and support from the south so they made good on their promise, and succeeded
 * Once he recognized force was going to have to be used to keep the union, the civil war began
 * As commander in chief, Lincoln had to fire and hire (sometimes rehiring) multiple generals
 * Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation as president, freeing the slaves in southern, rebellious states
 * After the war was over, Lincoln created the ten percent plan, a very lenient plan for reconstruction.
 * eventually he left office, and was assassinated
 * His presidency shaped American for the rest of history, the executive branch gained more power once again, and slavery was forever abolished in America






 * __Civil War__ -Frank**
 * 1861-1865
 * The American Civil War had many causes, the most prominent was the issue of states rights and federal rights
 * The South believed that slaves were property and that the federal government had to right to restrict property
 * The North wished to abolish slavery for multiple economic and moral reasons
 * When Abraham Lincoln was elected, it was the final straw, South Carolina seceded and many other 'deep' south states followed
 * Abraham Lincoln was quick to show he was not going to let them go peacefully he armed Fort Sumpter in South Carolina, where the confederate forces attacked
 * The first battle was the battle of Bull Run, where general Jackson of the Confederate army beat the union troops
 * The plan of the north was called the "Anaconda Plan" it had several parts
 * Create a naval blockade
 * Isolate the states by controlling the Mississippi
 * Wage total war
 * Capture Richmond, the Confederate capital
 * A major win for the Union was the battle at Antietam, after which Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation
 * The battle of Gettysburg was another win for the union
 * The union gained control of the Mississippi river at the battle of Vicksburg, almost defeating the Confederacy
 * Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox courthouse on April 8th 1865 ending the war
 * The end of the Civil War marked the beginning of reconstruction




 * __13th 14th & 15th Amendments__ -Rayne**
 * 1865- 1870
 * called the reconstruction amendments, these amendments gave more rights to the freed slaves
 * the were added to the constitution in five years following the Civil War
 * The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery in the united states, but that was not enough, the freed slaves also required rights
 * The fourteenth amendment made people born or naturalized in the United states official citizens, this granted the freed slaves citizenship
 * the fifteenth amendment granted voting rights to all men in the United States regardless of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
 * while they weren't completely enough to ensure all African Americans could vote, they were a start on the civil rights movement and equality in the United States
 * The wording of the amendments were disliked by female equality groups, because they did not grant voting rights to women




 * __Black Codes__ -Aiwei**
 * After 1865
 * Southern states still angry about the Civil War, and attempting to control the newly freed African-American population, pass a series of laws called black codes
 * They were very similar to slave codes, but attempted to take away the rights and make it more difficult for African-Americans to live peacefully
 * They attempted to maintain the cheap labor of African-Americans by taking away rights
 * Some freed slaves could not even leave they plantation on which they were slaves after being freed because of the black codes
 * They were enforced through a wide variety of ways but, similar method to how slaves were punished were common
 * the black codes ensured that as little as possible changed after the war

=Important People=



__**Henry Clay**__ **-Frank**
 * Nominated for presidency on several occasions, but never won the executive branch position
 * More commonly know as the "Great Compromiser", a nickname that he fulfilled throughout his life
 * Tariff of 1832
 * Sought to compensate for the so called "Tariff of Abominations", but was unsuccessful in his plight
 * Compromise of 1850
 * Formulated the Compromise of 1850 at the age of 70
 * Preserved the Union for the time being, and created a system where the North attained a slightly greater edge



__**Abraham Lincoln**__ **-Frank** []
 * Sixteenth President
 * Lincoln Douglas Debates
 * Despite his defeat, Lincoln won a moral victory over his opponent Stephen Douglas
 * Showed that Abe had the support of the people, and was accepted as a politician from then on
 * Election of 1860
 * His election led to the succession of southern states (who in his opinion, never left)
 * Central Figure of the American Civil War
 * Primary concern was to preserve the Union
 * Emancipation Proclamation
 * Freed all slaves within the Confederate South (Following a confidence boost after the Union "victory" at Antietam)
 * Made the war about slavery, which deflated French and British attempts to intervene in favor of the Confederacy
 * Reconstruction
 * Following his outlook that the south never "left" the Union, he allowed a less harsh readmission of these war torn states
 * His attempts at Reconstruction were foiled after his assassination, which gave way to the victory of the Radical Republican Reconstruction

__**Harriet Beecher Stowe**__ **-Matt**
 * Abolitionist
 * Influential novelist who is the author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
 * Revealed the horrors of slavery, which further agitated the schism between the North and the South
 * Removed the facade that had protected Southern publicity, and was common among Northerners
 * Many attribute this work as a possible cause of the Civil War



__**Andrew Jackson**__ **-Matt** []
 * Seventh President
 * Coined the term "Age of the Common Man"
 * Created a new voting class that extended politics to the "common man"
 * Known as "Old Hickory" among farmers
 * War of 1812 Hero
 * Battle of New Orleans
 * Defended the constitution through the "nullification crisis"
 * Set a precedent for future events
 * Vetoed the National Bank on several occasions
 * Emphasized the strength of the states over the federal
 * Favored "pet banks" and practices such as patronage in the form of the spoils system
 * Vetoed more congressional bills than all six previous presidents combined
 * Native American Conflict
 * Worchester vs. Georgia
 * Indian Removal Act/Trail of Tears
 * Created stronger American western expansionism



__**Elizabeth Cady Stanton**__ **-Aiwei** []
 * Women's rights figure
 * Leader of the Seneca Falls Convention
 * Helped draft the Declaration of Sentiments, which was a large leap forward for women's rights
 * Based on the Declaration of Independence, but accounted for women
 * Aided the women's rights movements, led to the development of suffragists and suffragettes



[|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant#Civil_War_commands]
 * __Ulysses S. Grant:__ -Aiwei**
 * Union general that would later become the 18th President
 * Filled the role of "lose cannon" that would play into the advantages of the Union Army, as opposed to letting the South retreat every battle
 * His military prowess was lacking when compared to that of Robert E. Lee, but fared well against his superior opponent
 * He became famous through his victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, in which would secure a Union victory over the Confederacy
 * Pivotal decision maker throughout the war



[]
 * __James K. Polk:__ -Rayne**
 * Referred to as the first "dark horse" candidate
 * Won the election of 1844
 * Campaigned with "54'40 or fight"
 * Advocate of manifest destiny and westward expansionism
 * Led through the Mexican War, which led to his acquisition of Texas, California, and Nevada. (The Mexican Cession)
 * Came through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
 * Considered among many historians to be to the greatest one term president
 * Since he accomplished so much in such a small time frame

__**John Brown:**__ **-Rayne** []
 * Radical Abolitionist
 * Involved in antislavery violence within the time period known as Bleeding Kansas
 * Led a raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia
 * Effort to begin a slave rebellion with the weapons that were cached within the facility
 * The effort resulted in a failure
 * John Brown was seen as a martyr within the North, while in the South, a "devil" and madman
 * Sparked abolitionist movements after his hanging



[]
 * __Frederick Douglass:__ -Matt**
 * Most prominent African American abolitionist leader during the decades prior to the Civil War
 * Published //The North Star//, which put his views into writings
 * Adviser to Lincoln during the Civil War
 * Escaped slave who had received an education, now fought for the rights of his fellow people
 * Showed the message to the South that an educated slave population would lead to rebellion
 * Thus stricter slave codes
 * Supporter of women's right, attended the Seneca Fall's Convention despite being a man




 * __Stephen Douglas:__ -Frank**
 * Introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Acts to Senate
 * Became renowned following his proverbial debates with Abraham Lincoln
 * During these debates, Douglas established the Freeport Doctrine
 * Explained that slavery could only exist where there were slave codes, and without the necessary statutes in place, a state could not allow slavery

@http://www.xtranormal.com/watch/13144168