1941-1963

= 1941-1963 = __Events__
 * Marshall Plan- 1947
 * Truman Doctrine- 1947
 * Berlin Airlift- 1948
 * McCarthyism- 1950
 * Korean War- 1950-1953
 * NATO- 1949
 * Warsaw Pact- 1955
 * Vietnam War- 1959-1975
 * Geneva Summit- 1955
 * Sputnik-1957

__People__
 * Roosevelt
 * Churchill
 * Joseph Stalin
 * Truman
 * Ike
 * Kennedy
 * Ho Chi Minh
 * Admiral Chester Nimitz
 * Joseph McCarthy
 * General Douglas MacArthur

__**Events**__ Marshall Plan 1947- RAYNE
 * It was intended to give aid to European countries after WWII
 * The indirect pourpose was to stop the spread of communism, by allowing countries to support themselves and not seek help from the soviets
 * It was created mainly by George Kennan, who followed the creed of containment
 * It did things like stimulate trade, rebuild war damage, and increase industry
 * Europe headed into an economic boom after the implementation of the Marshal plan, and it was widely considered a great success

Truman Doctrine 1947- RAYNE




 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The president Harry Truman created the Truman Doctrine in response to Soviet power
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">It, similar to the Marshall Plan, was intended to stop the spread of communism and Soviet Control.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Under it, America Provided support to countries falling to communism, or on the verge.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Countries like Greece, which was in a civil war and needed economic support, since the war Britain was no longer able to help, so America jumped in and spent a lot of money to stop and Soviet influence.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">While the doctrine was supported by many, it was attributed to the exacerbation of the Cold War
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The policies were centered around containment

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Berlin Airlift 1948- RAYNE




 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Amid the Cold War, tensions in Europe were rising
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Especially in the city of Berlin, which was separated and controlled by both the soviet Union and America
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The soviet union controlled eastern Berlin and the allies controlled western Berlin
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">In an attempt to starve the capitalists out of Berlin, the soviets blockaded western Berlin
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">In response, America airlifted food and supplies into western Berlin, hundreds of thousands of supply drops were executed: all without conflict.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The plan was very effective and Berlin had many supplies, the Soviet Union recognized that the blockade was ineffective and eventually stopped the blockade

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">NATO-RAYNE



<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">North Atlantic Treaty Organization <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Korean War-RAYNE 1950-1953
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Treaty that was signed on April 4, 1949
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The group of nations in this organization treat an attack on one as an attack on all and will respond together to help one in the event of an attack
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Formed during cold war fears first Secretary General, Lord Ismay said that their goal was to “keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down.”
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This treaty and organization was important in the global defense of communism at the time and the safety of each of the nations
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">One of the first main events for the organization was the Korean War which was a hot zone of the Cold War and they had to develop a plan against the threat of communism
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">During the Cold War, America and the soviet union did not fight directly; instead they chose to fight vicariously through other nations
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Korean war was an example of this, South and North Korea were (and still are) divided, the North under communist control and the South under allied or capitalist control
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">North Korea and the Soviet Union wished to increase their power, so North Korea invaded south Korea in hopes of controlling it
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">America was not happy about this and immediately got aid from several European countries to help south Korea
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The conflict went on for quite a while, with North Korea pushed to the 38 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">th <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> parallel
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The conflict eventually went into armistice, with neither side gaining or losing ground, as it still is today

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">McCarthyism 1950- FRANK




 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin gave McCarthyism it’s name during the Red Scare following WWII
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The soviets rise to power scared many American’s, some were scared enough to ruthlessly attack fellow Americans
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The attacks, many times were slander, and not even true but fear had made many lose their wits and sense of liberty
 * <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Attacks on many Americans for treason or subversion were conducted in America until fear died down and people revalued liberty and constitutionality over safety

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Geneva Summit-FRANK




 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1954 Cold War meeting in Geneva, Switzerland\
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The goal of the summit was to reduce international tensions
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Americans did not want to make and specific deals with the Soviets
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">France gave up Indochina which was then divided into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Vietnam was divided with Ho Chi Minh the Communist Dictator in the north, and Ngo Dinh Diem an anti-communist, catholic controlled dictatorship in the south

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Warsaw Pact-FRANK




 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance 1955-1991
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Formed by eight communist nations in response to NATO
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Also for mutual defense
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Two organizations together showed major world powers that were pinned against each other with the threat of nuclear war
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">A main desire for Russia being in this treaty was to prevent future invasions like those that happened with Napoleon and Hitler

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Vietnam War-FRANK




 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Hot zone during the Cold War
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Lasted from 1955-1975
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">War with North Vietnam and its communist allies against South Vietnam and the United States
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Main idea involving this war was the prevention of the spread of communism based on the Domino Theory which thought that if one country fell to communism countries around it would also begin to fall

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Sputnik-FRANK




 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">First artificial satellite launched into low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on October 4 1957
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This was a crisis in the United States because the Soviets had become more advanced than the United States
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">America feared that Soviets would soon be able to launch nuclear missiles from above
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This satellite created the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Its mission was 3 months

__**People**__

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Franklin Deleanor Roosevelt- MATT




 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">32nd president of the United States
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">He was elected during the great depression, defeating the widely unpopular Herbert Hoover
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">He stopped the Herbert Hoover laissez faire policies and begun the New Deal: social reforms that implemented much more direct relief
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">He attempted to keep America Neutral, but after the attack on Pearl Harbor, he and congress were forced to enter into WWII
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">He was in office longer than any other president, even with a debilitating disease that took his life soon before the end of World War Two, he is still considered on of the greatest presidents

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Winston Churchill-MATT



<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ended the history appeasement of British Foreign Policy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Led Britain through WWII as Prime Minister
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Masterful politician
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Able to sway public opinion
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Rallied citizens under a common enemy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Massive member of the "Big Three"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Pioneered and shaped post WWII Europe
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Major role in negotiations such as Yalta and Potsdam
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Iron Curtain Speech
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Warned that an "iron curtain" would sever Europe between East and West

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Joseph Stalin-MATT




 * <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Communist Dictator of Soviet Russia
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Led the Russian people to victory over the Nazis
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Established "five year plans" that hoped to revolutionize industry
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Worked effectively, but at the expense of human life
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Gulags
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Imprisoned thousands of those who went against his regime
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Established USSR
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Satellite nations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Added to Cold War tensions

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Harry S. Truman-MATT




 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Succeeded FDR
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Was thrown headlong into WWII
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Japan
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">In the Pacific theater, Truman was faced with two options:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Nuclear Attack:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Two tactical strikes
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hiroshima and Nagasaki
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Force the unconditional surrender
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Direct invasion of Japan:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Risk losing upwards of 1 million allied soldiers, double that on Japans side
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chose the first option
 * o <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Truman Doctrine
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Established US involvement in foreign affairs
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Preventative measures against the spread of Communism
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Berlin Airlift
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Averted WWIII, and nuclear destruction
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Korean War
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Cold War conflict
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Democracy vs. Communist

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dwight D. Eisenhower-MATT




 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">34th President of the USA
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Supreme Allied Commander during WWII
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Led D-Day invasion
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Changed the war forever
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Eisenhower Doctrine
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Extended Truman Doctrine protection to the Middle East
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Cold War
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Defense Interstate Highway System
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Increased spending on sciences
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Adamant in US detterence

Kennedy-AIWEI
 * John F. Kennedy was 35th president
 * Only Catholic president, and only to win Pulitzer
 * Bay of Pigs Invasion
 * Cuban Missile Crisis- almost nuclear war
 * building of Berlin Wall
 * Advocated the Space Race
 * Did many things during the Cold War
 * Was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald

Ho Chi Minh-AIWEI
 * Vietnamese Marxist revolutionary
 * lead Vietnam into establishing a communist government
 * led Viet Minh movement
 * defeated the French
 * Vietnam war

Admiral Chester Nimitz-AIWEI
 * five star American admiral
 * Commander in Chief during WWII
 * attacked Mariana Islands
 * Defeated Japanese fleet
 * captured Saigon, Guam and Tinian
 * Success in Iwo Jima and Okinawa
 * key figure in U.S success against the Japanese

Joseph McCarthy-AIWEI
 * American Republican
 * Senator form Wisconsin
 * major figure in Cold War
 * fueled fear of Communism during the period
 * "red scare"
 * got censured after he accused too many people, especially in government

General Douglas MacArthur-AIWEI
 * American general
 * Major role in the Philippines
 * stopped the Philippine Scout Mutiny
 * awarded Medal of Honor

all info from lectures from Planet Garner :D