1877-1918

Theodore Roosevelt John D.Rockefeller William McKinley Upton Sinclair- //The Jungle// Thomas Edison Louis Pasteur William Jennings Bryan William Howard Taft Eugene V. Debs Sigmund Freud- //Interpretation of Dreams//
 * __People:__**

The Great Migration Begins-1910 World War One Begins- August 3, 1914 Plessy vs. Ferguson-1896 Sherman Antitrust Act-1890 Haymarket Square Riot-1886 Spanish American War- 1898 Massacre at Wounded Knee, SD-1890 American Federation of Labor (AFL)-1890 Creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People-1909 Dawes Severalty Act-1887
 * __Events:__**
 * __Events in Chronological Order__**
 * Haymarket Square Riot- 1886** Aiwei
 * Chicago
 * May 3rd, workers at McCormick Harvesting Machine Company started a strike
 * Violence ensued and many were injured and one was killed
 * May 4th, a large crowd gathered at Haymarket square where a pipe bomb was thrown at the poice and took many lives and caused many injuries
 * Influenced by Knights of Labor, unions, anarchists, police brutality, and labor in factories
 * Influenced development of America by demonstrating the problems among the labor force


 * Dawes Severalty Act- 1887** Aiwei
 * Aimed to assimilate Native Americans into American culture
 * Tried to make them adopt farming practices and abandon their traditional way of life
 * Split up reservations and made that land available to white settlers
 * Trust fund to collect resources and profits from the lands
 * Majorly affected Indian tribal life
 * Influenced by the West, issues with the Native Americans, U.S Senator H.L. Dawes, Helen Hunt's A Century of Dishonor, and desire for land
 * Influenced development of America by establishing a major act dealing with Native Americans


 * Wounded Knee Massacre** Aiwei
 * Dec 29, 1890
 * Weapons from the Sioux were commanded to be removed
 * Seventh Cavalry started to shoot the Sioux when a shot was fired
 * Around 300 American Indians were killed
 * Last major battle of the Indian Wars over land
 * Influenced by the white people wanting more land, the Ghost Dance, misunderstandings when the shot was fired, Indian reservations, and racism
 * Influenced development of America by being the last battle with the Native Americans


 * Plessy vs. Ferguson-1896** Aiwei
 * Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in the 'white' car in a train
 * Argued that the separate cars violated the 13th and 14th amendments
 * Supreme court ruled 'separate' but 'equal' facilities were constitutional
 * Allowed segregation to become a precedent
 * Influenced by racism, African Americans, segregation, the South, and social classes
 * Influenced development of America by being an extremely important court case; limited rights of African Americans in the continued fight for civil rights


 * Spanish-American War- 1898** Aiwei
 * Four month war between Spain and America
 * William McKinley claimed to start war to help and protect those in Cuba
 * Teller Amendment- U.S will not control Cuba
 * Theodore Rossevelt and Rough Riders fought at the Battle of San Juan Hill
 * Treaty of Paris 1898- Cuban independence, U.S gets Puerto Rico and Guam
 * Influenced by imperialism, Cuban rebels, Yellow Journalism, De Lome Letter, and sinking of the Maine
 * Influenced development of America by resulting in acquiring Puerto Rico and Guam and leading the controversy surrounding the violation of American principles


 * Creation of the American Federation of Labor- 1890** Matt


 * Sherman Anti-Trust Act - 1890** Matt
 * This was the first interaction the government had with regulating business
 * It's basic goal was to prohibit and break up the formation of trusts
 * This act was based on the constitutional power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce
 * A trust is when several large business combine their stocks in order to work together to control an industry
 * Trusts were bad for smaller and local businesses
 * Trusts could be considered a form of horizontal integration
 * President Taft used this act against the Standard Oil Company


 * Creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - NAACP 1909** Matt




 * Their goal was to gain advancements and equality in economics, social status, and rights for African Americans
 * One of their first social advancements was the stopping of lynching
 * In 1911 there were 63 black victims of lynch and lynching stopped by 1950
 * Charles Houston was the leader for many of the first legal battles that they won
 * Thurgood Marshall was a student of his and with other NAACP lawyers they were influential in winning Brown v Board


 * The Great Migrations Begin-1910** Matt


 * This was a movement of African Americans out of the South and into areas of the Northeast and West
 * The first part of this movement was from 1910-30 and included about 1.6 million people
 * The movement as whole or in two parts lasted from 1910-1970 and included up to 6 million people
 * This caused their culture to be greatly incorporated into urban life Chicago's African American population went from 7% - 33% during this time period
 * Causes for this movement were less legal discrimination in areas other than the South and they were looking for more job opportunities
 * Causes for this movement were less legal discrimination in areas other than the South and they were looking for more job opportunities


 * World War I Begins 1914-1919** Matt


 * America had trade with nations involved in the war but did not join in the fighting until April 6th, 1917
 * Main issue was the unrestricted submarine warfare by the Germans which caused Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress to declare war
 * Major involvement in this war was a major turning point from the America policy of isolationism that they have had and had taken at the beginning of the war

=People=


 * Theodore Roosevelt-Rayne**
 * Leader of "Rough Riders" before becoming president following the death of McKinley
 * Elite group during the Spanish American War, which won the battle of San Juan Hill decisively.
 * Imperialist who opted to carry out America's will though force known as "big stick diplomacy"
 * i.e. the Great White Fleet which established the United States as a naval power amongst other important nations
 * Acquired the Panama Canal which led to the expansion of United States influence within the Pacific Ocean
 * Also allowed the US and Britain the power to control which countries were allowed through
 * The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine warranted the United States use of force in order to uphold European territories, this would come to serve as justification for U.S. intervention in Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic



John D. Rockefeller- Frank

 * John D. Rockefeller is the founder of the US Standard Oil company
 * Oil boomed in America and in a short period of time, Rockefeller became the wealthiest man in the world, worth over one billion dollars (in late 1800's money)
 * Adjusted for inflation he was worth around 600 billion dollars in 2000's money, this was 1.53% of the total annual GDP in the late 1800's
 * But more importantly, Rockefeller changed the world of philanthropy
 * He established targeted philanthropy, making donations to certain causes
 * the majority of his donations went to education and medical causes
 * some also went to sciences and the arts
 * Despite his wealth, he is still regarded as a giving, and //extremely// important figure in American history

>
 * William McKinley- Rayne**
 * Known mainly for his moral imperialism and economic prosperity during his terms as president
 * During the Spanish-American War, McKinley was able to secure the United States as a world military power
 * This also allowed American influence to spread into the Philippines, Cuba, and other holdings that resulted from the war
 * Annexation of Hawaii furthered is imperialistic claims, but had an overarching wish to assimilate those who lived there
 * As well, the Open Door Policy and his approach to dealing with the Boxer Rebellion demonstrated his interest in trade and willingness to use force
 * Upton Sinclair- Frank**
 * Born in Baltimore, Upton Sinclair was a muckraking writer who authored over one hundred books
 * The most famous of which was //The Jungle//
 * It had one of the greatest and most profound effects a book had ever produced
 * The novel was an examination of the meat packing industry, and its horrors
 * It graphically described the conditions undergone by the workers and meat during the late 1800's early 1900's
 * The book was meant to shock but readers took it to heart, meat consumption dropped by half shortly after it was published
 * It was greatly responsible for the passage of the meat inspection act and the food and drug act, two bills that helped America's health and safety
 * Sinclair worked and wrote to help the safety of the American people and he was successful, he changed the nation with his books and is a very important figure in American history


 * Thomas Edison** - **Frank**
 * Thomas Edison is regarded as one of the most famous investors of all time
 * He invented the long lasting light bulb, the motion picture camera and the tape recorder
 * An extremely ingenious man, he had 1093 different US patents, many of which were revolutionary inventions
 * Many regarded his as the 'wizard of Menlo Park' because his inventions seemed magical in their ingenuity
 * The light bulb, commonly thought of as the most important invention of Edison's, had many ramifications
 * He declared when the production of the light bulb began that "We will make electricity so cheap only the rich will burn candles"
 * he worked to distribute light and electricity to many people in the world, starting with New York
 * using a method off mass distribution, light bulbs and electricity were ubiquitous, and he made good on his promise

Louis Pasteur- **Frank**

 * Louis Pasteur was a micro biologist who produced the germ theory of disease and was famous at the time for a method of preserving and sanitizing milk
 * Until Pasteur, we were unsure of the cause of disease and illness, many believed it to be the work of demons and the devil
 * Pasteur had the idea that it might be microscopic organisms that infected the things they got into
 * He showed his theory through fermentation, where he grew microorganisms in nutrient broths
 * The germ theory of disease led to many developments like vaccines and his process of pasteurization
 * Pasteurization is when a substance, like a food product is heated and then cooled, to reduce the amount of pathogens and allow the substance to be consumed or used as a medicine safely
 * His work lead to the great betterment of America and the world by fighting disease and decreasing the death rate of almost every demographic


 * William Jennings Bryan- Rayne**
 * Important and powerful supporter of free silver
 * Populist Party nomination
 * his "Cross of Gold" speech criticized using the gold standard
 * Did not become president
 * also supported women suffrage and prohibition [[image:http://en.citizendium.org/images/9/99/William_Jennings_Bryan_official.jpg]]


 * William Howard Taft- Rayne **


 * Took a different approach to imperialistic ventures, which utilized the United States economy to promote expansion.
 * Coined the "dollar diplomacy"
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Passed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909, which sought to compromise the extremely protectionist tariffs of McKinley and Roosevelt such as the Dingley Tariff, but was nevertheless protectionist in its current form
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Passed the 16th Amendment, which led to some uproar over the income tax that followed in its wake.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Provided the funding necessary to support the "dollar diplomacy"
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Taft was extremely important due to his approach on imperialism which sought to economically stimulate growth as opposed to forcibly doing so

**Eugene V. Debs- Rayne**

 * Unlike the majority of 'important' people in this time period Debs was not a monopoly owner and he was not a holder of extreme wealth or property
 * He was a very famous socialist, who worked with labor unions and ran for political office, that was against the control of large companies.
 * He helped found the International Workers of the World, a labor union with moderate success
 * An outspoken candidate, he was put in jail multiple times for his "slander" and for protesting
 * He had a smaller but very important role in American history, of protecting the workers and general public from the hyper rich and full of power

Sigmund Freud- Frank
[] Northwestern University; picture for Haymarket Square Riot [] U.S History; info on Haymarket Square Riot [] The Presidency; picture for Dawes Severalty Act [] Manataka; picture for Wounded Knee Massacre [] Evolution of Civil Rights; picture for Plessy vs. Ferguson [] Solpass; picture for Spanish- American War [] Our Documents; info on Sherman Anti Trust [] NAACP; info on NAACP creation [] Chicago History; info on Great Migration [] Spartacus, info on John Rockefeller [] Incwell Biographies; info on Thomas Edison [] Webspace; info on Sigmund Freud [|http://american-business.org/2440-eugene-v-debs.h] American Business; info on Eugene Debs [] American History; info on Teddy Roosevelt [] American History; info on William Taft <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">[] Lab explorer; picture of Louis Pasteur
 * Sigmund Freud is regarded as one of the greatest psychoanalysists in history
 * he made many breakthroughs in the field of psychology
 * Much of his work focused on the subconscious mind, working with dreams and psychological repression
 * He set precedent for psychotherapy, helping many across the globe with mental illness
 * He is also responsible for the little known rise of feminism during his time
 * Sources:**

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">[] U.S History; info on WIlliam Jennings Bryan

[] Citizendium; picture of William Jennings Bryan [] Wikimedia; picture of The Jungle

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